In today’s day and age we do not use silver or gold as a monetary exchange so when calculating your Zakat, you need to find out the equivalent of the rates the Prophet Muhammad (saw) set but in your local currency. This can be done by checking the market rate of Gold and Silver today or click on the "LIVE Nisab Rate" on this website. Current Nisab value as at 22nd February 2024 Value of Silver 612.36 grams = £355.17 Value of Gold 87.48 grams = £4,515.72

Gold or Silver standard can be used to calculate Nisab, however using the Silver to calculate is safer and more beneficial for the recipients of Zakat. In most cases, this means that if your net assets (income and savings) are above the Silver Nisab threshold, you must pay Zakat on the total amount of wealth you own. Remember you only pay Zakat if your net assets equal or exceed the Nisab threshold. If you only have Gold as an asset, then the Nisab measure for gold must be used. If, however, you have a mixture of assets, then the Nisab level for silver should be used.

Zakat is a compulsory act of worship that requires Muslims, at or above a certain wealth threshold, to donate a portion of that wealth, typically 2.5%, to those who are eligible. This threshold is called the Nisab. The Nisab is the minimum amount of wealth a Muslim must possess before they become liable to pay Zakat. The Nisab was set by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) at a rate equivalent to 87.48 grams of gold and 612.36 grams of silver. Gold and Silver are the two values used to calculate the Nisab threshold as opposed to only one. The reason for this is that Dinar and Dirham were commonly and interchangeably used in the markets in the Prophetic era. The exchange rate at the time was 1:10, and therefore the Zakat payer ended up paying the same amount in terms of purchasing power in the prophetic era. However, there is a stark difference between the Gold and Silver Nisab today. Hence, the Silver Nisab is commonly suggested as the benchmark for Zakat obligation.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasised the benefits of giving Sadaqah in a number of sayings: "Sadaqah extinguishes sin as water extinguishes fire." Tirmidhi There are also numerous Hadith which highlight its importance. “Give charity without delay, for it stands in the way of calamity.” (Tirmidhi) “When a man dies, his deeds come to an end except for three things: Sadaqah Jariyah (ceaseless charity); a knowledge which is beneficial, or a virtuous descendant who prays for him (for the deceased).” (Muslim) “The believer’s shade on the Day of Resurrection will be his charity.” (Tirmidhi)

Sadaqah-e-Jaariyah simply means ‘Ongoing Charity’. The Prophet (SAW) said: “When a person dies, all their deeds end except three: a continuing charity, beneficial knowledge and a child who prays for them.” [Muslim] Therefore, many Muslims are eager to give charity which will continue to have benefit to people after their death and continue to earn them reward. Any charity which continues to have positive effects on a community in the long-term, beyond immediate relief, can be considered a Sadaqah-e-Jaariyah. Examples of Sadaqah-e-Jaariyah can be building homes, schools and hospitals; installing durable water systems; turning an area of land into a farm which continues to give crops for years to come; helping a poor family start a business which continues generating profit for future generations.

Sadaqah is a voluntary act of charity towards another being, for the sole purpose of pleasing Allah (SWT) and without expecting anything in return. These acts are not necessarily physical or monetary charity and can be performed in any amount, at any time of the year. Simple good deeds such as genorosity, any act of kindness, helping someone in need, giving a smile, or it can even be removing a harmful object from your path are seen as acts of Sadaqah. Even a smile is Charity. We know that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was very generous, giving his food, money, and belongings to the poor and often letting himself go hungry. The Prophet (PBUH) had impeccable character and there is immense reward in following his exemplary behaviour. Therefore, any act of kindness or support extended to other beings (including animals) for the sake of Allah (SWT), can be considered a Sadaqah or charity. Some other examples include: Donating money to someone in need Making food for others Teaching Qur’an Smiling at others Watering a plant Taking care of an animal Removing something harmful from someone’s path

Zakaat is one of the five pillars of Islam. This means that Zakaat is mandatory for Muslims, along with the other four sacred pillars of prayer (salah), fasting (sawm), pilgrimage (Hajj) and belief in Allah and His Messenger, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) (shahadah). Zakat is only eligible upon mature Muslim, sane men and women who meet Nisab threshold. 2.5% of their wealth must then be given.

What is Lillah? In Islam, Lillah is any charity which is given with the intention of pleasing Allah. In Arabic, it literally translates to ‘For Allah’. When given for the sake of Allah, and to gain Allah’s pleasure alone, the rewards of Lillah are vast. Lillah can be given to individual people or families, as well as establishments such as Mosques, Islamic centres and hospitals. “O you who believe, spend of the wealth We have bestowed upon you (in Allah’s way), before the Day comes when there shall be no buying and no selling; when neither friendship nor intercession will be of any avail”. (Holy Qur’aan 2:254) What is the difference between Zakat and Lillah? Zakat is an obligatory charity due from every Muslim on a yearly basis. However, Lillah is an entirely voluntary charity given at any time of year purely with the intent to please Allah SWT, any amount can be given. Unlike Zakat, which has a number of stipulations regarding the type of assistance it can provide, Lillah can be used for any project or programme which is of benefit to people and/or Islamic institutions. What is the difference between Sadaqah and Lillah? There are several different types of Sadaqah such as Aqiqah, Fidya and Kaffarah. Lillah is also a type of Sadaqah donation. Similarly to Sadaqah, it is not compulsory, and there is no minimum amount and no restriction on who can receive funds. Therefore, this is unlike Zakat, which has a number of stipulations on how it can be spent. What can Lillah money be used for? Donations can be used to fund Mosques and other institutions such as health centres and schools, which benefit many people. An example is money which is used for the upkeep of a mosque or Islamic centre. These acts are very pleasing to Allah Almighty, and can help large numbers of people. What are the benefits of giving Lillah By giving with the intention of pleasing Allah alone and to benefit His people, Muslims have the opportunity to purify themselves and become closer to Allah. This is because giving charity with sincerity is one of the most beloved deeds to Allah. “Those who spend their wealth in the cause of Allah, and do not follow up their gifts with reminders of their generosity or with injury, their reward is with their Lord. On them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve”. (Holy Qur’aan 2:261-262) Lillah donations can also benefit large groups of people, and even whole communities. For example, when donations are used to fund the construction of a mosque or Islamic centre in which Allah is remembered, as well as gaining vast rewards, everyone who attends the centre benefits from this donation. How much should you give for Lillah? As with Sadaqah, there is no set amount which you should give for Lillah. However, we are encouraged to give generously, without fearing the consequences. When given with sincerity, it can bring great blessings to your wealth and will bring benefits in this life and the next.

What is Aqeeqah? In Islam, Aqeeqah is the sacrifice of livestock; such as goats and sheep, at the birth of a child. The Aqeeqah is performed as part of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It often takes place on the seventh day after a baby’s birth. However, there’s nothing wrong with doing it at a later time. The sacrifice is then often divided between the family members who are carrying out the sacrifice. It’s often handed out to the poor and needy. Aqeeqah is a form of celebration, and is a means of showing gratitude to Allah for the blessing of a new baby. “Every baby is held in pledge up to his Aqeeqah. So, on his seventh day, sacrifice should be made on his behalf, his head should be shaved, and he should be given a name”. (Abu Dawud) When should you give Aqeeqah? An Aqeeqah usually takes place on the seventh day after a baby’s birth. However, there’s nothing wrong with doing it at a later time. How to perform Aqeeqah? Aisha (RA) narrated that the Prophet (PBUH) said: "Slaughter two comparable sheep for a male newborn and one sheep for a female." (Tirmidhi) - An Aqeeqah for a baby boy involves the sacrifice of two sheep/goats. - An Aqeeqah for a baby girl involves the sacrifice of one sheep/goat. The sacrifice is then divided between the family members who are carrying out the sacrifice. It’s then handed out to the poor and needy. For family and friends, a party it’s often arranged to celebrate and share the meat. What are the rules of Aqeeqah? Aqeeqah is a highly recommended Sunnah, but if you would like to take part in this voluntary act of sacrifice, there are a few rules and guidelines you should follow: According to the Sunnah, you should perform the Aqeeqah 7 days after the birth of the baby. If this is not possible, the Aqeeqah can be performed at a later time according to some scholars. Others are of the opinion that it can be done on the 14th day if it could not performed on the 7th or on the 21st. Alongside the Aqeeqah, naming your baby and shaving their head on the seventh day are Mustahab acts of Sunnah. When choosing animals for slaughter, it’s Sunnah to sacrifice two sheep/goats for a boy and one sheep/goat for a girl. As with rules for Qurbani, the animals should be in good health, at the right age for slaughter and free from illness or defects. Aqeeqah meat is recommended to be shared, spreading joy to others. The sacrificial meat should be divided into three parts according to some scholars, with some being distributed to the family, and the remaining going to neighbours/friends and to the poor and needy. Who pays for Aqeeqah? The new born baby’s father usually pays for it. However, another relative can pay for the Aqeeqah if the father is not able to, or if he gives permission to do so. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) offered Aqeeqah on behalf of his beloved grandsons Imam Hassan and Hussain (AS). Every sane adult who is eligible to pay Zakat, should offer Aqeeqah at the birth of a new baby. What are the 3 parts of the Aqeeqah? The Aqeeqah meat from a sacrificed goat is divided into three parts according to the sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): One third is for the family. One third is given to neighbours and friends. One third is distributed to the poor and needy. Many Muslims cook the share of the Aqeeqah meat for family and friends and hold a celebration to eat together, shave the baby’s head and announce the name of the child. It’s a wonderful occasion to welcome the baby into the world, according to the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Why do Muslims perform Aqeeqah? Muslims perform Aqeeqah because it is a Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and every sane adult Muslim who is eligible to pay Zakat should also offer Aqeeqah. Aqeeqah is also important, because it helps to bring blessings and protection to the newborn baby and their family, and to ward off harm. “Aqeeqah is prescribed for every child. Thus give thanks on its behalf, and remove the harm off it”. (Tirmidhi) Aqeeqah is a beloved act of worship. In Islam, we are encouraged to remember Allah in all situations – in both happy and difficult times, and to remember that everything in our lives is given by Him. Aqeeqah is also one of the rights that a newborn baby has upon his parents, alongside listening to the Adhaan as the first sound he/she hears and being given a good name. Aqeeqah is a means of expressing happiness and gratitude to Allah for the blessing of a new baby. It’s also an important reminder to remember those in need when celebrating our blessings, and to unite friends and family members. Is Aqeeqah compulsory in Islam? No, Aqeeqah is not compulsory in Islam. However, it is a highly emphasised Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The unanimous view is that even if one does not perform Aqeeqah at the birth of a newborn baby, they will not be held to account.

This is charity which is binding in nature. This includes Sadaqah al-Fitr, etc. This form of Sadaqah is similar to Zakah in that it must be spent on the same categories as defined by the Qur’an, except that it is not a condition for the beneficiary to be Muslim. This type of Sadaqah includes: Sdaqatul Fitr Nadhr Fidyah Kaffarah Qurbani

This is charity which is not binding in nature but is optional. This type includes alms given for the removal of difficulties, philanthropic (to give out of mercy to the less fortunate), the general giving of any Halal item to any one etc. This type does not need to be spent on the specified categories to be rewarding nor does it have to be spent on Muslims, although if spent on poor Muslims it would be more rewarding. This can also be bequeathed in one’s will (in which case it would be only up to a third of the deceased person’s entire estate). The following are types of Sadaqah Nafilah: Lillah Waqf Aqeeqah Sadaqah for Removing Difficulties Sadaqah for Expiating Sins Charity above the amount of Zakat and Sadaqah Wajibah Lillah This is Sadaqah Nafilah but is a type that does not have the condition of having to be passed into the possession of a person, as it can be given to institutes (e.g. Masajid, hospitals, schools, orphanages, etc). Waqf This is to allot something as a trust for a certain cause. This can be during one’s lifetime or bequeathed in one’s will (up to the value of a third of one’s estate). When executed, the donation becomes the property of Allah (and thus has specific rules regarding it), and its beneficiaries are to remain those named as the cause (e.g. the poor, orphans, students, the people of a certain locality, etc.) The difference between this and Lillah is that with Waqf ownership is not given to people or institutes but only the benefits are ascribed. Like today’s trusts, Waqf also requires the care of trustees over it. Aqeeqah This is the sacrifice of an animal or two as thanks to Allah for the birth of a child. With this too can members of the locality be fed, preference again is for the poor and close family members. Sadaqah for Removing Difficulties One, at the time of donating, should ask Allah to make easy one’s deliverance. This can be understood from the Hadith: ‘Sadaqah soothes the Lord’s anger and protects against a bad death.’ (Tirmidhi) This type of Sadaqah can also be given as ‘Lillah’. Sadaqah for Expiating Sins One, at the time of donating, should ask Allah to forgive one’s shortcomings. This can be understood from the verse: ‘Indeed good deeds take away bad deeds.’ (Qur’an, 11:114) This type of Sadaqah can also be given as ‘Lillah’. Charity above the amount of Zakat and Sadaqah Wajibah This type of Sadaqah is the essence of Lillah. Although not categorised as necessary, this type of charity, as long as from pure means and with pure intentions, is always accepted by Allah. It is also this type that Allah I has described as a beautiful debt, as He treats this charity as a loan which He will repay in the hereafter. ‘Who is he that will loan to Allah a beautiful loan? For (Allah) will increase it manifold to his credit, and he will have (besides) a liberal reward.’ [Qur’an, al Hadid, 57:11]

What is riba (Interest)? Any transaction or loan where the payment of an additional amount on the principal is made conditional to the advance of such a loan is called riba. The most common form of riba these days is interest, whether that paid on bank accounts or loans. Interest is strictly forbidden in Islam and to accept or deal in it is a major sin. Riba in the Holy Qur’aan “That which you give as interest to increase the peoples’ wealth increases not with Allah; but that which you give in charity, seeking the goodwill of Allah, multiples manifold.” (Holy Qur’aan, Surah al-Rum, verse 39) “And for their taking interest even though it was forbidden for them, and their wrongful appropriation of other peoples’ property. We have prepared a grievous punishment for those among them who reject faith.” (Holy Qur’aan, Surah al-Nisa’, verse 161) “O believers, take not doubled and redoubled interest, and fear Allah that you may prosper. Fear the fire which has been prepared for those who reject faith, and obey Allah and the Prophet so that you may receive mercy.” (Holy Qur’aan, Surah Aal-Imran, verses 130-2) Riba in Hadith According to a narration from Jabir (r.a): The Prophet cursed the receiver and the payer of interest, the one who records it and the two witnesses to the transaction and said: “They are all alike (in guilt)”. (Tirmidhi) According to a narration from Abdallah ibn Hanzalah: The Prophet, said: “A dirham of riba which a man receives knowingly is worse than committing adultry thirty-six times” (Mishkat al-Masabih) According to a narration from Abu Hurayrah: “The Prophet said: ‘Riba has seventy segments, the least serious being equivalent to a man committing adultery with his own mother”. (Ibn Majah) Why is interest forbidden? Interest is forbidden as it is a socially unjust mechanism for lending money. It benefits the rich to the detriment of the poor and also does not involve any investment risk for the lending party. I have interest money or my bank account pays interest, what should I do? If one has interest money from a bank account or elsewhere many scholars recommend this money is given to a charitable cause with the understanding one will not receive any reward for the donation. The money should be used by the charitable organisation to help the poor and needy, but is not to be used for certain projects such as the construction of mosques or the printing of Quran.

Fulfilling the commandment of Allah (S.W.T) Strengthening our Honesty Increasing Self-Discipline Freeing ourselves from greed Cleansing our wealth Helping the poor and needy Reducing world poverty

The wealth of information on Zakat is usually focused on how to pay Zakat and whether someone is eligible to pay Zakat. Above all, it is more important to know who is eligible to receive Zakat. This forms part of the validity of your Zakat donation. Zakat is not a form of Sadaqah (voluntary charity). Unlike Zakat, anyone in need can receive Sadaqah at any time. Zakat is an obligatory form of charity. Every Muslim who meets the eligibility criterion must pay Zakat. The donations are then re-distributed to the Muslim community on an annual basis. There are eight factors that determine whether someone is eligible to receive Zakat. Therefore, separating the recipients of Zakat into eight categories of people. These include, as stipulated in the Qur’an by Allah (SWT): “Indeed, the prescribed charitable offerings are only to be given to the 1. The poor 2. The needy 3. To those who work on administering it 4. Those who have a reconciliation of heart (those who have embraced Islam or are inclined to it) 5. To free those in bondage 6. To the debt-ridden 7. For the cause of God 8. To the wayfarer This is an obligation from God. And God is all-knowing, all-wise.” Qur’an 9:60 In summary, these eight ordained categories can help you determine Zakat eligibility on a yearly basis.

It is indeed a grand favour of Almighty Allah that the doors for reward to a deceased person have not been shut. The channel of Esaal-e-Sawaab (passing on the reward of some act of virtue) has been spared by Almighty Allah. According to some commentators of the Qur’aan, this is one of the many specialties granted exclusively to this Ummah. (Sharhus Sudoor) Prophet Muhammad (saw) approved and encouraged the practice of Esaal-e-Sawaab. In one narration, Prophet Muhammad (saw) said, 'Whenever you intend giving charity, then do so on behalf of your parents. For its rewards will surely reach them without your rewards decreasing in the least bit" (Shu’abul Imaan) Esaal-e-Sawaab is an opportunity to make up for one's shortcomings towards the deceased. Prophet Muhammad (saw) has informed that if a person who was disobedient towards his parents (in their lifetime) continues making Du'aa for them after their demise, Allah records him thereafter among those who were loyal to their parents. (Shu’abul Imaan) In the same light, the Scholars have stated that if one had harmed an individual who has since passed away, one should make Du'aa (or offer any other good deed) on his behalf. The procedure for Esaal-e-Sawaab is that one should ask Allah to accept that specific deed and convey its rewards to a specific person living or deceased. This could be done before or after doing that deed. (Shami) It is indeed a grand favour of Almighty Allah that the doors for reward to a deceased person have not been shut. The channel of Esaal-e-Sawaab (passing on the reward of some act of virtue) has been spared by Almighty Allah. According to some commentators of the Qur’aan, this is one of the many specialties granted exclusively to this Ummah. (Sharhus Sudoor) Prophet Muhammad (saw) approved and encouraged the practice of Esaal-e-Sawaab. In one narration, Prophet Muhammad (saw) said, 'Whenever you intend giving charity, then do so on behalf of your parents. For its rewards will surely reach them without your rewards decreasing in the least bit" (Shu’abul Imaan) Together with encouraging Esaal-e-Sawaab, Prophet Muhammad (saw) also carried it out personally. Prophet Muhammad (saw) had slaughtered two rams at the time of Qurbani. He dedicated one of them to his Ummah saying, "O Allah, this one is on behalf of my entire Ummah, all of whom believes in your oneness and my prophethood.” (Musnad Ahmad) Esaal-e-Sawaab can be done in many forms and on behalf of any person, viz. Prophet Muhammad (saw), One's Parents, other family members, friends and the entire Ummah of Prophet Muhammad (saw). (Shami)

Beneficial acts for Esaal-e-Sawaab Reciting the Qur’aan It was the habit of the Ansaar (People of Madinah) to recite Surah Al-Baqarah when they carried any Janaazah. (At-Tazkirah) Hazrat Ma'qal ibn Yasaar (r.a) reports that Prophet Muhammad (saw) said: “Recite Surah Ya’sin upon your deceased”. (Abu Dawood, Sahih Ibn Hibbaan, Musnad Ahmad) Istighfaar Hazrat Abu Hurairah (r.a) reports that Prophet Muhammad (saw) said: “Indeed when an individual's ranks are elevated in paradise, he enquires from Allah: O my Lord, how did I deserve this?' He is then told: 'This is due to your child seeking forgiveness on your behalf”. (Ibn Majah, Musnad Ahmad) Hajj or Umrah on Behalf of The Deceased Prophet Muhammad (saw) is reported to have advised a woman to perform Hajj on behalf of her deceased mother. (Sahih Muslim) Abdullah Ibn Umar (r.a) is reported to have offered Umrah repeatedly on behalf of Prophet Muhammad (saw). Sponsoring Wells & Boreholes Sa'd ibn Ubaadah (r.a) asked Prophet Muhammad (saw), “Can I donate something on behalf of my deceased mother?” Prophet Muhammad (saw) replied: “Yes”. “Which form of charity is most virtuous?” enquired Sa'd (r.a). Prophet Muhammad (saw) replied: “Arranging water for people to drink”. (Musnad Ahmad, An-Nisai) General Donations Hazrat Aisha (R.A) reports that a man once said to Prophet Muhammad (saw), “My mother died very suddenly. I'm sure that if she had the opportunity, she would have given charity, can I do so on her behalf?' Prophet Muhammad (saw) replied, “Yes, do give charity on her behalf”. (Sahih Al-Bukhari) Perpetual Rewards for Oneself Abu Hurairah (r.a) has reported that Prophet Muhammad (saw) said: “The following are among those deeds whose rewards benefit a believer even after his demise: 1. Knowledge that he taught and spread to others. 2. A pious child that survives him (who will continue making Du'aa for him). 3. A copy of the Qur'aan that he passes on as inheritance. 4. A Masjid that he constructed. 5. A home that he built for a traveller. 6. A well that he dug. 7. Any other form of charity that he offers while in good health and before he left the world. All of these will assist him after his demise. (Sunan Ibn Majah, Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah) Islamic Publications One can take part in any writing, printing, publishing or distributing of Islamic Literature and Publications. This is also a means of Sawaab-e-Jaariyah (continuation of Reward), an act in which whilst Muslim Brothers and Sisters continue benefitting the person carrying out this noble act also continues reaping rewards.

For any missed Fast in the month of Ramadhan or been exempt from fasting due to Menstruation, Travelling, Pregnancy, Illness, Old age or any other reason; a qadha will be required. However if the person will not be able to keep a qadha in the future due to a medical condition then a Fidyah is required (compulsory) to be paid for each missed fast. Almighty Allah has mentioned in the Holy Qur'aan: “(The prescribed fast is for) a certain number of days. Whoever among you does not fast on those days because you are sick or on a journey, then (you should fast) the same number of days on other days. Those who are able to fast are also required to pay a fee (which is equivalent to the cost) of feeding a desperate person. ” Al-Baqarah 2:184)

There is no specific time by which Kaffarah must be paid, however, the expectation is that it should be paid as soon as possible. Ideally, you should pay Kaffarah before the end of Ramadan.

The Fidyah amount for each missed fast is to feed 2 x meals to a poor person. This equates to £4 per day (as per calculation in Feb 2024). If you are unable to fast for the full duration of the month of Ramadan, then the total Fidyah to be paid is 30 x £4 = £120. Note: The above price of Fidyah is calculation as of Feb 2024. The price of Fidyah fluctuates therefore consult a local scholar to obtain the correct value.

Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic (hijri) calendar and one of the holiest periods of worship for Muslims. The month of Ramadan marks the period in which the holy Qur’an was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Importantly, it’s also the month in which Muslims practice one of the five pillars of Islam, Sawm, or fasting. Fasting the month of Ramadan is obligatory for every Muslim who has passed the age of puberty and is in good health. During this precious month, the reward for a Muslim’s good deeds are multiplied, and all are encouraged to strengthen their relationship with Allah, give Sadaqah, pay their Sadaqatul Fitr (Fitrana) and ask for forgiveness.

To atone for breaking the fast without a valid reason, a person must fast by either fasting for 60 continuous days or feeding 60 poor individuals for each broken fast. The calculation of kaffarah for each broken fast is £240 (at a rate of £4 x 60 people). The person is not eligible to pay Fidyah Calculation.

You are required to pay Fidyah after each missed fast of Ramadan. As Fidyah is calculated for each missed fast, therefore cannot be calculated prior to the commencement of Ramadan. However if due to illness and old age, you are going to be unable to Fast the entire month of Ramadan, then one should calculate the Fidya amount for the entire month and appoint a person or a charity representative to discharge the Fidyah amount, after the month of Ramadan.

Sadaqatul Fitr, also known as 'Fitrana', is the compulsory charity paid by every Muslim end of the month of Ramadan however before Eid prayer. The main purpose of Sadaqatul Fitr is to provide the poor with a means with which they can celebrate the festival of breaking the fast along with the rest of the Muslims. It is a way for Muslims to give thanks that they were able to complete the month of obligatory fasting. It is mentioned in a hadith that: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) ordained Sadaqatul Fitr to purify the fasting person from indecent words or actions, and to provide food for the needy. It is accepted as Zakaat for the person who gives it before the Eid prayer; but it is a mere Sadaqah for the one who gives it after the prayer." (Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah) Any Muslim who has food in excess of their needs must pay Sadaqatul Fitr (Fitrana). Unlike Zakat, it is a duty on everyone in your household, therefore, the head of the household or parents and guardians, can pay on behalf of other members of the family.

Laylatul Qadr or the Night of Power is described as such to illustrate the significance of what the night entails for human kind. Almighty Allah says about the purpose of this night in the Holy Qur'an: ”Ha, Meem. By the clear Book, Indeed, We sent it down during a blessed night. Indeed, We were to warn [mankind]. On that night every precise matter – Every matter [proceeding] from Us. Indeed, We were to send (a messenger).” Qur’an 44:1-5

Only Allah has knowledge of Laylatul Qadr. However, to determine its presence we are directed towards some signs. Two of the most authentic signs of Laylatul Qadr are: The sun rises early in the morning without rays. Ubayy, (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “On the morning following Laylatul-Qadr, the sun rises without any rays, as if it were a brass dish, until it rises up.” (Muslim) It is a pleasant and calm. Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allah be pleased with him), said: “Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him), said: “Laylatul-Qadr is calm and pleasant, neither hot nor cold, the sun rises on its morning being feeble and red.” (Ibn Khuzaimah) Try your best to catch Laylatul Qadr (the Night of Power) by focusing on Ibadah (worship) this Ramadan more than ever before! Therefore, by consistently making Du’a to catch it, it may be that Allah allows you to witness this precious and powerful night and earn its rewards!

It is a commonly held belief that Laylatul Qadr (the Night of Power) occurs on the 27th Ramadan. However, scholars of Hadith recommend focusing on the last 10 nights of Ramadan, especially the odd nights, as it is most likely to have occurred in one of these nights based on the following Hadith: It was advised by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to “Look for it in the odd nights of the last ten nights of the month of Ramadan.” (Bukhari) Humankind will never know the exact date of Laylatul Qadr however, and it is most likely one of the odd nights in the last ten nights of Ramadan – Allah knows best.

Laylatul Qadr or the "Night of Power" as it is otherwise referred to is one of the most important and sacred nights in the Islamic Calendar. While the month of Ramadan is most widely known as the month that the Qur’an was first revealed to humankind, the Night of Power describes the exact night that the Qur’an was revealed.

Fitrana (Zakat ul Fitr) must be paid within the month of Ramadan. The latest it can be paid is before the Eid prayer begins so that those in need can benefit in time for Eid.

The head of the household or parents and guardians, can pay on behalf of other members of the family including children and babies.

Fasting in the month of Ramadan is an obligation on all Muslims and is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, therefore to break a fast for invalid reasons, there is a penalty. A Kaffarah (penalty) has to be paid for each broken Fasts by either fasting for 60 continuous days or feeding 60 poor individuals. The person is not eligible to pay Fidyah. It is narated in a hadith by Abu Hurairah: ‘A person came to our master the Prophet and said, “O the Messenger of Allah, I am ruined.” Our master the Prophet asked what happened. He said that he had broken the Ramadan fast intentionally. Our master the Prophet told him to free a slave. When he said that he had no slave, he ordered him to fast for two months incessantly. When he said that he was unable to do so, he told him to feed poor people.’

It is approximately £4 per person and should be paid for each member in the household.

The days of Qurbani are the tenth, eleventh and twelfth of Zul Hijjah. The first day is better than the second, and the second better than the last.

It is more virtuous to slaughter the animal with one’s own hands. If one does not know how to slaughter, it is preferred that he remain present while someone else is sacrificing the animal. It is not necessary to make the niyyah (intention) of Qurbani with the tongue, however it is necessary to say “Bismillahi Allahu Akbar” when slaughtering. - Use a sharp knife and slaughter the animal quickly so that it does not suffer. - Do not sharpen the knife in front of the animal. - After slaughtering, do not skin the animal before it becomes completely cold. - Do not slaughter one animal in the presence of another. - It is mustahab (desirable) for one who intends to perform Qurbani to refrain from cutting hair or clipping nails from 1st Zul Hijjah to 10th Zul Hijjah, (i.e. until after Qurbani).

In towns and cities where Jumu’ah and Eid are performed, Qurbani is not permissible before the Eid Salaah. If the Qurbani has been offered before the Eid Salaah, it will have to be repeated. Therefore, the time for Qurbani commences after ‘Eid Salaah on 1Oth Zul Hijjah until before sunset of 12th Zul Hijjah.

It is permissible to eat the Qurbani meat. It can also be distributed to relatives and friends whether wealthy or poor, Muslims or non-Muslims. It is better to divide it into three parts. One for the family, one for relatives and friends and one for the poor and needy. The skin of the Qurbani animal can be kept for personal use, e.g. using it as a prayer-mat, water bag, etc. If the skin of the Qurbani animal is sold, then it is wajib to give that amount in sadaqah to the poor (i.e. those who are eligible for Zakah). It is not permissible to give meat, fat, etc. of the sacrificed animal to the butcher as his wages. The meat of the animal slaughtered by partners should be shared by weight and not by estimation. The rope, cover, etc. of the animal should be given away as sadaqah.

The Prophetic Qurbani is a name we give to an extra (nafl) sacrifice. It’s a little-known fact that on the day of Eid al-Adha, the Prophet (saw) used to give Qurbani on behalf of not only himself but also for those in his Ummah who were unable to give. This Sunnah is so important, that the Prophet (saw) himself advised his cousin and son-in-law, Ali (ra) to follow it. On the authority of Hanash (ra) who said, " I saw Ali (ra) sacrificing two rams; so I asked him, "What is this?" He replied, "The messenger of Allah (saw) enjoined upon me to sacrifice on his behalf so that is what I am doing". - Abu Dawood The tradition was also continued by other Sahabah (ra). On the authority of Anas bin Malik (ra) who said, "The Prophet (saw) used to offer two rams as sacrifices, and I also offer two rams for sacrifice". - Bukhari And yet, today so few of us offer a Prophetic Qurbani when giving our own sacrifice. This beautiful act of generosity is all but forgotten. How many are even aware of this Sunnah ? Following the Sunnah of our beloved Prophet (saw) and giving a Prophetic Qurbani is a special act. In everything the Prophet (saw) did, there is wisdom and there is immense reward in reviving his Sunnah. Not only that but giving an extra Qurbani means helping even more needy families. In poverty-stricken communities, meat is an unaffordable luxury and so it is a joyous occasion when they can enjoy the generosity of a Prophetic Qurbani.

The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was once asked by his Companions: “O Rasoolullah! (pbuh) What is Qurbani?” He replied, “It is the sunnah of your father lbrahim (AS).” They asked again, “What benefit do we get from it?” He answered, “A reward for every hair (of the sacrificed animal).” “And (what reward is there for animals with) wool, O Rasoolullah (pbuh)?” they asked. “A reward”, he said, “for every fibre of the wool.”, (Ibn Majah) When a person slaughters a Qurbani animal, he is forgiven at the fall of the first drop of blood, and verily, the animal shall be brought forward on the Day of Judgment with its blood, meat etc, and shall be increased in weight seventy times more than its own weight, and thereafter it will be placed on the scale of deeds. (Kanzul’Ummal)

Qurbani is the sacrifice of an animal performed every year during the Islamic month of Dhul Hijjah, during the days of Eid al-Adha. Muslims around the world slaughter an animal to reflect the Prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail, for the sake of Allah. The first ten days of Dhul Hijjah (the 10 best days) are the most sacred days of the year, loved by Allah (SWT). As Allah tells us in the Holy Qur’an: “So turn in prayer towards your Lord and sacrifice.” (108:2) There is nothing dearer to Allah during the days of Eid al-Adha than the sacrificing of animals. The sacrificed animal shall come on the Day of judgment with its horns, hair, and hooves (to be weighed). The sacrifice is accepted by Allah before the blood reaches the ground. Therefore sacrifice with an open and happy heart. (Tirmidhi)

Qurbani is wajib on every Muslim who is of sound mind, mature (who has reached the age of puberty), muqeem (i.e. he is not a Shar’ee traveller) and possesses the amount of fifty two and half totals of silver (612-36 grams) or wealth equivalent to that value which is in excess of one’s aslee (basic) needs. It is not necessary that this amount be in one’s possession for a complete lunar year. It’s possession during the three days of Qurbani will make Qurbani obligatory. Qurbani is not incumbent on a child or an insane person whether they own wealth equivalent to the amount above or not, nor is it wajib upon their guardians to perform it on their behalf. Similarly, it is not wajib on a Shar’ee traveler. It is highly virtuous for one on whom Qurbani is not wajib to offer sacrifice for the Pleasure of Allah. He will be eligible for all the reward mentioned in the Ahadeeth. During the days of Qurbani, sadaqah and charity cannot compensate for Qurbani nor fulfil the wajib. Qurbani is a unique ibadah. Just as Zakah cannot compensate for Hajj, or Sawm (Fasting) cannot compensate for Salaat, similarly charity cannot compensate for Qurbani. However, if the days of Qurbani had passed, and the Qurbani was not offered due to not knowing, negligence or for some other valid reason, then it becomes wajib to give in sadaqah the price of Qurbani animal or the animal itself to the poor. If a traveller returned home or a person acquired the required wealth on the 12th of Zul Hijjah before sunset, it will be wajib upon him to perform Qurbani. A traveller who makes intention of staying at a certain place for fifteen days or more, no longer remains a traveller. He must offer Qurbani if he possesses the prescribed amount. NOTE: A Shar’ee traveller is he who goes on a journey with an intention of traveling forty eight miles. He will be treated as a traveller as soon as he goes out of his town.

Animals that are blind, one-eyed or has lost one-third or more of its eyesight. Animals that have lost a third of the ear or the tail. Similarly, the animal which has no ear from its very birth. Animal whose horn has been broken off from the root. Animal which has one leg lame to the extent that it walks on three legs only and is unable to use the fourth leg. Animal so lean and thin that its bones have no marrow. Animal so weak that it cannot walk to the place of slaughtering on its own. Animal completely toothless or one that has lost most of its teeth. It is virtuous to purchase the animal for Qurbani a few days prior to slaughtering and care must be taken in feeding and nursing it.

It is permissible to offer in sacrifice a goat or she-goat, sheep of all kinds, cow, bull, buffalo or camel. It is necessary that the goat is one (full) year old, whether male or female. A cow, bull or buffalo will have to be two years old, and a camel five years. Animals that are younger are not suitable for Qurbani. A sheep (of any kind) not less than six months old, so strong and fat that it appears to be one year old will suffice for Qurbani, otherwise it will have to be one (full) year old. A cow, bull, buffalo or camel will suffice for seven persons provided no one’s share is less than one seventh and the niyyah (intention) of all partners is to attain thawab (for Qurbani), and not merely to obtain meat. The Qurbani of only one person can be performed from a goat, sheep or ram. If an animal seller says that the animal has reached the required age, and outwardly there is no sign to disprove it, then it is permissible to rely on his statement. Animals that are castrated can be used for Qurbani. In fact this type of animal is preferable.

If one has been favoured by Allah with wealth, then he should also perform Qurbani on behalf of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), his Sahabah, his Ummah, the Prophets and for his own living or deceased relatives, friends and teachers who have conveyed Deeni knowledge. One should always remember and never overlook our beloved Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and perform Qurbani on his behalf. Aboo Talhah (R.A) has related that the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) sacrificed one ram and while sacrificing the other he said, “This is on behalf of every one of my Ummah who believed in me and testified (to my prophethood).” (Tabrani) It is a matter for deep thought and consideration that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) kept his Ummah in his mind while offering the sacrifice and it is deplorable for the Ummah not to remember him at the time of Qurbani.